Mfundo Yofunika:
Zida zowotcherera magetsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, kudzera mu Kutentha ndi kupanikizika, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri komwe kumapangidwa ndi ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oipa mufupipafupifupi, kusungunula solder ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa electrode, mothandizidwa ndi kuphatikiza ndi kufalikira kwa maatomu achitsulo, kotero kuti ma welds awiri kapena kuposerapo amalumikizana mwamphamvu pamodzi. Amapangidwa makamaka ndi electrode, makina owotcherera amagetsi, chowotcherera chamagetsi, chotchinga pansi ndi waya wolumikizira. Malingana ndi mtundu wa magetsi opangira magetsi, amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi makina otsekemera a AC ndipo ina ndi DC makina owotcherera.
Makina owotchererakulumikizana:
• Zingwe zowotcherera zimalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zowotcherera zolumikizira mabowo pamakina opangira zida kudzera pamawaya olumikizira;
• Chingwe chapansi chimalumikizidwa ndi dzenje lokhazikika pamakina otsekemera kudzera pa waya wolumikizira;
• Ikani chowotcherera pa chitsulo chosungunula ndikumangirira chotchinga chapansi kumalekezero amodzi a weld;
• Kenako chepetsani dalitso la elekitirodi ku nsagwada zowotcherera;
• Kuteteza pansi kapena zero kugwirizana kwa chipolopolo cha makina owotcherera (chipangizo choyikapo chitha kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chamkuwa kapena chitoliro chopanda chitsulo, kuya kwa maliro ake pansi kuyenera kukhala> 1m, ndipo kukana kwapansi kuyenera kukhala <4Ω), ndiko kuti, gwiritsani ntchito waya kulumikiza mbali imodzi ku chipangizo choyambira ndi mapeto ena mpaka kumapeto kwa chipolopolo cha chipolopolo.makina owotcherera.
• Kenaka gwirizanitsani makina opangira zitsulo ndi bokosi logawa kudzera mu chingwe cholumikizira, ndikuonetsetsa kuti kutalika kwa mzere wolumikiza ndi mamita 2 mpaka 3, ndipo bokosi logawa liyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chotetezera chodzaza ndi mpeni, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zingathe kulamulira mphamvu ya makina opangira zitsulo mosiyana.
• Asanayambe kuwotcherera, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuvala zovala zowotcherera, nsapato za rabara zotsekereza, magolovesi oteteza, masks oteteza ndi zida zina zodzitetezera, kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha woyendetsayo.
Kulumikizana kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kutuluka kwa makina owotcherera:
Nthawi zambiri pamakhala njira zitatu zopangira magetsi: 1)waya wamoyo, waya wosalowerera, ndi waya pansi; 2) Mawaya awiri amoyo ndi chingwe chimodzi chapansi; 3)3 mawaya amoyo, waya wapansi umodzi.
Mzere wotuluka wa makina owotcherera magetsi samasiyanitsidwa kupatula makina owotcherera a AC, koma makina owotcherera a DC amagawidwa kukhala abwino ndi oyipa:
DC kuwotcherera makina zabwino polarity kugwirizana: The polarity kugwirizana njira ya DC kuwotcherera makina zachokera workpiece monga katchulidwe, ndiko kuti, kuwotcherera workpiece chikugwirizana ndi zabwino elekitirodi linanena bungwe la magetsi kuwotcherera chogwirira, ndi kuwotcherera chogwirira (achepetsa) cholumikizidwa ndi electrode negative. Kulumikizana kwabwino kwa polarity arc kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba, arc ndi yopapatiza komanso yotsetsereka, kutentha kumakhala kokhazikika, kulowa mkati kumakhala kolimba, kulowa mwakuya kumatha kupezedwa ndi kakombo kakang'ono, mkanda wowotcherera (weld) wopangidwa ndi wopapatiza, ndipo njira yowotcherera ndiyosavuta kuyidziwa, komanso ndi kulumikizana komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
DC kuwotcherera makina negative polarity kugwirizana njira (yomwe imatchedwanso reverse polarity kugwirizana): workpiece cholumikizidwa ndi elekitirodi negative, ndi chogwirira kuwotcherera ndi cholumikizidwa ndi elekitirodi positive. The zoipa polarity arc ndi yofewa, divergent, osaya malowedwe, ndi lalikulu panopa, lalikulu sipatter, ndi oyenera malo ndi zofunika kuwotcherera wapadera ndondomeko, monga kumbuyo chivundikiro pamwamba pa chivundikiro kumbuyo, kuwotcherera pamwamba, kumene kuwotcherera mkanda kumafuna mbali lonse ndi lathyathyathya, kuwotcherera mbale woonda ndi zitsulo zapadera, etc. Negative polarity kuwotcherera mu nthawi wamba n'kosavuta kuti ambuye, ndi nthawi wamba n'kosavuta kuti ambuye. Kuphatikiza apo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi a alkaline otsika-hydrogen, kulumikizana kwapambuyo kumakhala kokhazikika kuposa arc yabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa spatter kumakhala kochepa.
Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwabwino kwa polarity kapena njira yolumikizirana yoyipa pakuwotcherera, ziyenera kuganiziridwa molingana ndi kuwotcherera,kuwotcherera chikhalidwezofunika ndi electrode chuma.
Momwe mungaweruzire polarity ya kutulutsa kwa makina owotcherera a DC: Makina owotcherera nthawi zonse amalembedwa ndi + ndipo - pagawo lotulutsa kapena bolodi lama terminal, + amatanthauza mzati wabwino ndipo - akuwonetsa mzati woyipa. Ngati ma elekitirodi abwino ndi oipa sanalembedwe, njira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusiyanitsa.
1) Njira ya Epirical. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma electrodes otsika-hydrogen (kapena alkaline) pakuwotcherera, ngati kuyaka kwa arc kumakhala kosakhazikika, siponji ndi yayikulu, ndipo phokoso limakhala lachiwawa, zikutanthauza kuti njira yolumikizira kutsogolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito; Apo ayi, izo zimasinthidwa.
2) Njira yamakala. Njira ya carbon rod ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa njira yolumikizira kutsogolo kapena njira yolumikizira kumbuyo, imathanso kuweruzidwa powona arc ndi zina:
a. Ngati kuyaka kwa arc kuli kokhazikika ndipo ndodo ya kaboni imayaka pang'onopang'ono, ndi njira yabwino yolumikizira.
b. Ngati kuyaka kwa arc sikukhazikika ndipo ndodo ya kaboni yatenthedwa kwambiri, ndiye njira yolumikizirana.
3) Multimeter njira. Njira ndi masitepe ogwiritsira ntchito multimeter kuweruza njira yolumikizira kutsogolo kapena njira yolumikizira kumbuyo ndi:
a. Ikani ma multimeter pamalo apamwamba kwambiri amagetsi a DC (pamwamba pa 100V), kapena gwiritsani ntchito voltmeter ya DC.
b. Cholembera cha multimeter ndi makina owotcherera a DC amakhudzidwa motsatana, ngati apezeka kuti cholozera cha multimeter chimasokonekera molunjika, ndiye kuti cholembera cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi cholembera chofiyira ndi mtengo wabwino, ndipo mbali ina ndi mzati woyipa. Ngati muyesa ndi multimeter ya digito, pamene chizindikiro choipa chikuwonekera, zikutanthauza kuti cholembera chofiira chikugwirizana ndi mtengo woipa, ndipo palibe chizindikiro chomwe chikuwonekera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti cholembera chofiira chikugwirizana ndi mtengo wabwino.
Zachidziwikire, pamakina owotcherera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kuyang'anabe buku lofananira.
Ndizo zonse zoyambira zomwe zagawidwa lero m'nkhaniyi. Ngati pali zosayenera, chonde mvetsetsani ndikuwongolera
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-22-2025
